The vault hold was applied as a fore-mentioned. In order to test for restriction toward side bending-rotation toward the right, the examiner's left index and fifth fingers were gently moved cephalad and medialward while slightly approximating each other. Resistance (restriction) to this examiner-induced passive motion was compared with side bending-rotation motion testing toward the left. In order to test for restriction toward the patient's left, the examiner repeated the same procedure using his right hand. Restrictions were rated on the 3 point scale, each side individually.